Questões de Inglês - Interpretação de texto
Texto para a questão.
When one of the most important e-mail messages of his life landed in his in-box a few years ago, Kord Campbell overlooked it.
By
MATT RICHTEL
SAN FRANCISCO — When one of the most important e-mail messages of his life landed in his in-box a few years ago, Kord Campbell overlooked it.
Not just for a day or two, but 12 days. He finally saw it while sifting through old messages: A big company wanted to buy his Internet start-up.
The message had slipped by him amid an electronic flood: two computer screens alive with e-mail, instant messages, online chats, a Web browser and the computer code he was writing.
While he managed to salvage the $1.3 million deal after apologizing to his suitor, Campbell continues to struggle with the effects of the deluge of data. Even after he unplugs, he craves the stimulation he gets from his electronic gadgets. He forgets things like dinner plans, and he has trouble focusing on his family.
His wife, Brenda, complains, “It seems like he can no longer be fully in the moment.” This is your brain on computers.
Disponível em: https://www.seattletimes.com/. Acesso em: 14 ago. 2023. (Adaptado).
O motivo de Kord Campbell não ter visto o e-mail de grande importância foi por causa
Vinicius Jr case opens wider racism debate in Spain
Insults aimed at Real Madrid soccer player Vinicius Jr have triggered a fierce debate about racism in sport and whether Spanish society has a problem with the issue.
Spanish police have arrested three people in connection with racist abuse directed at Vinicius Jr, who confronted fans of Valencia football club in the Mestalla stadium who he accused of directing monkey chants at him. After the match, the Brazilian international said the Spanish football league “belongs to racists”. […]
Disponível em: https//: bbc.com. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2023.
Segundo o texto,
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following text to answer question.
TEXT
By Austin Perlmutter, MD
We’ve all experienced what it’s like to be short on sleep. Whether it’s a night cut short by a very early morning awakening, one punctuated by frequent waking, or even a night of sleep skipped altogether, there are any number of things that can get in the way of the recommended 7-9 hours of restful slumber. But while we may feel a bit groggy, slow and otherwise fatigued after sleep loss, recent research suggests that there are a few specific effects on the brain worth knowing.
In a just-published 2023 paper, researchers examined the effects of sleep deprivation on markers of brain aging using MRI scanners. Using previously published data, the scientists compared brain aging scores between different groups of young people and found that those experiencing a sleep deprivation of at least 24 hours showed brain scans equivalent to 1-2 years of brain aging. On a positive note, they found that these changes were reversed after a good night’s sleep.
One of the most fascinating breakthroughs in neuroscience over the last decades relates to the discovery of the glymphatic system, a network of channels in the brain that allow for clearance of brain waste. If that wasn’t enough, it turns out that this system is more active during sleep and especially deep sleep (non-REM). To take this one step further, a paper published in the journal Science found that clearance of waste occurs in a wave-like pattern that is synchronized with the firing of neurons and with blood flow.
It’s clear that research like the studies above will continue to reveal the hidden effects of sleep loss on the brain. Beyond the well-known links to increased risk for mental health issues, dementia, worse decision-making and poor focus, these new mechanisms speak to the vital importance of prioritizing good sleep each night. Luckily, simple and science backed ways to improve sleep quality are available to all of us.
Adapted from: https://www.austinperlmutter.com/post/howsleep-loss-hurts-your-brain. Accessed on: August 10th, 2023.
Recent research findings indicate that
ABSTRACT
This research attempts to apprehend the symbolic universe of racist, revisionist and neonazi pages in the Internet. The aim of the investigation is to understand what kind of relationship is built between the digital space and the defense of the idea of an “Aryan race”. This is done by means of ethnographic observation of practices and discursive representations posted at sites, forums, communities, chats and discussion lists. I focus on those symbolics aspects that highlight best the interface between digital space and racism, by means of both empirical research and theoretical exercise. From this vantage point, some features of the identitary construction developed by racists for themselves and for others were made visible, namely, the genomic and mythic marks of their discourse, the redefinition of the frontiers between digital world and reality, and the “Aryan” political struggle in the WEB. The main argument resulting from this research is that the neonazism interprets symbolically the contemporary world by articulating myths, narratives e rituals. Along this process, a specific way of identity is manifested: the “teutonicism”.
Keywords: Anthropology. Ethnography. Struturalism. Identity. Neo-nazism. Cyberspace.
(Adaptado de DIAS, A.A.M.. Anacronautas do teutonismo virtual: uma etnografia do neonazismo na Internet. Dissertação (Mestrado em Antropologia Social), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2007.)
O texto ABSTRACT é uma adaptação do resumo da dissertação de mestrado da pesquisadora recentemente falecida, Adriana Dias, da Unicamp, reconhecida como maior especialista brasileira em neonazismo praticado na Internet.
Qual das afirmações abaixo explicaria corretamente a razão pela qual Adriana utilizou aspas em palavras específicas do texto (realçadas em negrito)?
Leia a tirinha de Jim Davis.
(www.gocomics.com)
Na tirinha, o gato se mostra
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Some of the world’s leading artificial intelligence (AI) researchers are calling for a pause on research into AI, claiming that safety issues must first be urgently addressed. If not, the outcomes could be devastating for humanity. Others say any pause in development would not only be impractical to enforce on a global scale, but could also stand in the way of advances that could both improve and save lives.
The AI that is currently available already has the power to radically alter society, in new ways that we are seeing every day. So how might it progress over the coming years? Are we on the brink of an artificial intelligence-powered utopia or dystopia?
Firstly, technology has been automating jobs since the Industrial Revolution, though never before has it happened on this scale. Everyone from truck drivers to voice over artists are at risk of being replaced by AI. A recent study found that just over 30 jobs are considered safe from automation in the near future. They range from mechanics to athletes, though they represent just a sliver of the current labour market. While new jobs will be created, there is a significant chance that the majority of the population will be left jobless. This could either lead to:
Utopia: A new leisure class emerges, living off a universal basic income funded by taxes on robots and the companies that operate them.
Dystopia: Mass unemployment results in social unrest, similar to the way laid off factory workers trashed the machines that replaced them. With so many jobs at risk and the potential for huge wealth inequality, some fear it could ultimately result in societal collapse.
Secondly, artificial intelligence is already contributing to major scientific advances, dramatically accelerating the time it takes to make discoveries. It has been used to invent millions of materials that did not previously exist, find potential drug molecules 1,000 times faster than previous methods, and improve our understanding of the universe. This could either lead to:
Utopia: Cancer and all other life-threatening diseases are cured, leading to a new age of health and prosperity. Scientists are already using AI tools to make breakthroughs in longevity medicine, which aims to end or even reverse ageing.
Dystopia: The same AI-enabled technology could be used for malevolent purposes, creating entirely new diseases and viruses. These could be used as bioweapons, capable of devastating populations that don’t have access to cures or the tech needed to develop them.
(Anthony Cuthbertson. www.independent.co.uk, 03.05.2023. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the seventh paragraph “which aims to end or even reverse ageing”, the underlined word refers to